Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 26, July 2025. SignificanceTheSalmonellasurface protein PagC is a major driver of extracellular vesicle formation. Here, we show that this phenotype is transferrable toEscherichia coli, another diderm, Gram-negative bacterium. PagC increases vesicle production inE. …
Observations from the Little Bunker
Last updated: August 18, 2025 04:13 PM
Atmospheric CO₂
425.4 ppm
+18.4
ppm/year
Atmospheric CH₄
1934.91 ppb
+9.11
ppb/year
Global Temperature
+1.48 °C
Peak: +1.73°C
World Population
8.1 billion
+67
million/year