Nature Climate Change, Published online: 01 August 2025; doi:10.1038/s41558-025-02390-2Terrestrial and marine photosynthetic production are typically studied separately. Now, an integrated analysis of land and ocean net primary production for 2003–2021 reveals that land and ocean net primary production show contrasting trends. Enhanced biospheric primary production is predominantly driven by an increase over land, partially offset by an oceanic decrease.

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