Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 31, August 2025. SignificanceIn many taxa, sex is determined by sex chromosomes that differ in size and content. Like the X and Y of mammals, the Z and W chromosomes of birds evolved from homologous autosomes so long ago that the early stages of the transition are lost to …
Observations from the Little Bunker
Last updated: August 18, 2025 04:13 PM
Atmospheric CO₂
425.4 ppm
+18.4
ppm/year
Atmospheric CH₄
1934.91 ppb
+9.11
ppb/year
Global Temperature
+1.48 °C
Peak: +1.73°C
World Population
8.1 billion
+67
million/year