Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 32, August 2025. SignificanceTopological phase transitions are of great interest in the context of two-dimensional systems, with the KosterlitzâThouless and the Hexatic transitions among the best known. These and other dipole (vortex, dislocation)-induced transitions are âŚ
Observations from the Little Bunker
Last updated: August 18, 2025 06:15 PM
Atmospheric COâ
425.4 ppm
+18.4
ppm/year
Atmospheric CHâ
1934.91 ppb
+9.11
ppb/year
Global Temperature
+1.48 °C
Peak: +1.73°C
World Population
8.1 billion
+67
million/year