| Abstract Electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves have been analyzed using different satellite data. However, single‐mission studies prevent a systematic understanding of the emissions in Earth’s magnetosphere. We perform a comprehensive survey of ECH waves using observations from Van Allen Probes, Arase, and MMS satellites spanning over 2012–2023. Our results indicate that these waves cover a broad spatial region of L = 3–15, | MLAT | 6) exhibit dayside‐maximized occurrence rates. Wave amplitudes are strongest on the nightside but display a secondary pre‐noon peak at L > 8. In addition, ECH waves are predominantly confined near the equator ( | MLAT | < 5°) at L < ∼8, in contrast to the much broader latitudinal distribution ( | MLAT | < 35°) at higher L. |
Observations from the Little Bunker
Last updated: October 16, 2025 04:11 AM
Atmospheric CO₂
424.4 ppm
+18.2
ppm/year
Atmospheric CH₄
1933.54 ppb
+12.29
ppb/year
Global Temperature
+1.48 °C
Peak: +1.73°C
World Population
8.1 billion
+67
million/year