Abstract The sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the North Indian Ocean (NIO) region associated with Indian Ocean Basin Mode (IOBM) is wellâknown as a key factor in impacting the Tibetan Plateau summer precipitation (TPSP). However, either the commonly used IOBM index or the basinâmean index of SSTA in the NIO region captures only a small portion of TPSP variability, making it underrated in indicating the TPSP. In this study, we demonstrate a significant and predictable relationship between the NIO SSTA and TPSP, when further considering the NIO pattern diversity. This relationship can be depicted by two physicsâbased indices accounting for the diverse NIO patterns, which can effectively capture their distinct spatial features and associated impacts on the TPSP. Such an extended diversity view of NIO provides potential predictability of the TPSP.
Observations from the Little Bunker
Last updated: October 21, 2025 10:09 PM
Atmospheric COâ
424.8 ppm
+18.0
ppm/year
Atmospheric CHâ
1933.54 ppb
+12.29
ppb/year
Global Temperature
+1.48 °C
Peak: +1.73°C
World Population
8.1 billion
+67
million/year