Abstract This study, using the peak electron density of Ionospheric Fâregion from the Globalâscale Observations of the Limb and Disk reports, for the first time, a unique phenomenon: the rapid reversal of the intensity of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) crests between the hemispheres during the main phase of 23 April 2023, geomagnetic storm. The Prompt Penetration Electric Field amplified the intensity of both EIA crests. However, the enhancement at the southern crest began to decay within an hour, while the northern crest began to strengthen. ThermosphereâIonosphereâElectrodynamics General Circulation Model simulations indicate that transâequatorial wind played a key role in these variations. Wavelet periodograms of groundâbased Total Electron Content measurements confirmed the presence of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs). Stormâinduced winds and TIDs likely changed the altitude of the Fâpeaks and the recombination rates between crests, and plasma transport by transâequatorial winds also contributed to this rare phenomenon.
Observations from the Little Bunker
Last updated: December 22, 2025 02:11 PM
Atmospheric COâ
427.2 ppm
+17.9
ppm/year
Atmospheric CHâ
1930.95 ppb
+-3.5
ppb/year
Global Temperature
+1.48 °C
Peak: +1.73°C
World Population
8.1 billion
+67
million/year