Over the period 2023/2024 Amazonia has experienced a record drought. So far, only few studies have quantified the overall impact of this drought on the Amazon rainforest emphasizing declining canopy-greenness and gross primary production. While these studies provide valuable insights, they neither included the second peak of drought in September 2024 nor did they study post-event trajectories. To fill this gap, we here present analyses based on observations spanning 23 years of canopy-greenness at an unprecedented spatial resolution of 21.4 hectares per pixel. Specifically, we compare the impact of the 2023/2024 drought with previous major droughts (2005, 2010, 2015/2016) and quantify long-term trends of enhanced vegetation index (EVI), extending previous investigations by more than a year of observations. Moreover, we evaluate temporal autocorrelation (TAC) and variance (VAR) as measures of slowing down and reduced forest resilience. Finally, we assess how drought severity and extent as well as water-table depth have impacted canopy-greenness dynamics. Our results indicate record low canopy greenness and declining forest resilience as indicated by relatively low EVI and rising TAC and VAR during and after the 2023/2024 drought. In particular, the area featuring more than 10% EVI decline reached a record spatial extent of 14% early in 2025, while the spatial shares of regions featuring high TAC and VAR were 2 and 3.4 times higher than anticipated from uniform distributions. Furthermore, we identify significant effects of the drought extent and severity on canopy greenness dynamics as well as a buffering effect of shallow water tables. Taken together, this study points at an unprecedented slowing down of canopy greenness dynamics in Amazonia up until September 2025, indicating the necessity to closely monitor the further recovery of the Amazon rainforest.

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