Abstract The Southern Array for the Lithosphere and Uplift of Taiwan Experiment (SALUTE) provides a new window into the subduction‐collision transition zone in southern Taiwan, where the Eurasian Plate‐Luzon Arc convergence drives intense orogeny and crustal deformation. Using dense P‐ and S‐wave spectral amplitude data recorded by SALUTE and a quality factor (Q) tomography, we image attenuation structures with improved clarity of features. Results delineate sharp attenuation contrasts across major faults, reflecting juxtaposition of distinct lithological domains, and broad low Q and QP/QS anomalies within internally deformed regions not resolved by velocity tomography. Our models closely match mapped fault geometries and, for the first time, unravel the offshore forearc block as a northward‐dipping (∼15°), narrowing low‐QP volume and the spatial coincidence of low Q and QP/QS anomalies with tectonic tremor, which highlight the diagnostic value of attenuation imaging for fault‐related hazards, forearc deformation, fluid‐facilitated processes, and orogenic dynamics in southern Taiwan.