This article examines how Kham Tibetan herders in the eastern Himalaya navigate ecological uncertainty through a form of cosmopolitics grounded in Buddhist worldviews, Bön animistic ontologies, and highland pastoralist practices. Despite increasing exposure to scientific narratives of climate change, everyday engagements with the landscape remain shaped by a more-than-human cosmology in which mountains, weather, animals, plants, and spirits are animated co-actors. Drawing on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, the article develops the concept of Tibetan Pastoral Cosmopolitics to describe the dynamic entanglement of such multiple epistemologies and ontologies. Two interrelated dynamics are foregrounded. First, karma functions as both a moral principle and a material-affective medium. It individuates human and non-human beings while generating ecological and spiritual frictions. Second, pastoralist ecology unfold through reciprocal and struggling relationships with animated landscapes: yaks, caterpillar fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis), mountain deities, and volatile weather systems are active participants in sustaining or threatening life. These relations generate a situated climate ethics grounded in ritual and ethical calibration. In a time when global climate discourse risks erasing indigenous difference, Tibetan pastoral cosmopolitics offers a compelling ethnographic example of how more-than-human spiritual lifeways inform ecological practice and perception. The article will contribute to ongoing debates in environmental anthropology, more-than-human ethnography, and the anthropology of climate change by foregrounding Tibetan cosmological frameworks as climate strategies in their own right.

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