Abstract Highlands govern global dust vertical transport, yet their region‐specific pathways and climatic impacts remain unclear. We found that although dust emissions from highlands are minimal, the dust content in the middle and upper atmosphere over highlands is high, identifying highlands as key dust conduits. The Tibetan Plateau dominates the uplift of East Asian dust, and the Iranian Plateau mainly drives the lifting of Middle Eastern dust. The uplift of North African dust is affected not only by highlands but also, to a large extent, by tropical convection. Under rising dust emissions, dust enrichment significantly intensifies in the upper layers, particularly over highlands, far exceeding the increase in lower‐layer dust, suggesting their potential for solar radiation management geoengineering. Notably, enhanced dust emissions cool the surface and lower troposphere but warm the mid‐upper troposphere. Thus, although highlands offer promise for climate intervention, their stratospheric warming effects and environmental impacts necessitate caution.