Country: Lebanon Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to the attached file. HIGHLIGHTS Continued escalation with airstrikes and new displacement orders over the South and Nabatieh governorates triggered large-scale displacement. Collective shelters, particularly in Saida and Tyre districts in South Governorate are overwhelmed. 133,800 people are displaced across 634 collective shelters; women and girls account for 52 per cent of people in shelters. Since 2 March, the Ministry of Public Health has reported at least 3,433 deaths and 10,395 injuries due to hostilities. As of 2 March, Food Security and Agriculture Sector partners have distributed more than 11.5 million hot and cold meals. Five attacks on health care facilities were recorded by local authorities between 29 May and 1 June resulting in 1 health worker killed and 19 injured. SITUATION OVERVIEW The humanitarian situation in Lebanon deteriorated sharply between 29 May and 1 June, marked by a renewed escalation in hostilities and a significant worsening of protection risks, displacement levels, and humanitarian needs. According to the Ministry of Public Health, at least 3,433 people have been killed and 10,395 injured since 2 March 2026, reflecting the cumulative toll of the ongoing escalation. Since 30 May, a notable surge in airstrikes across southern Lebanon has been recorded, triggering additional waves of displacement, widespread destruction of civilian infrastructure, and increasing strain on already overstretched services and shelter capacity. New waves of displacement also emerged from Beirut’s Southern Suburbs following threats of direct impacts on the neighbourhood. On 1 June alone, the Lebanese Red Cross estimated that around 30,000 families fled from South Governorate, while an additional 4,000 families were reportedly displaced from Nabatieh Governorate. In parallel, Mount Lebanon – particularly the southern suburbs of Beirut – experienced one of the largest displacement events of the current escalation, with preliminary estimates indicating that around 50,000 families were displaced. Between 29 May and 1 June, 10 new displacement orders were issued affecting at least 34 localities. As a result, displacement levels continue to show a sharp upward trajectory. As of 1 June, an estimated 133,800 people (35,600 families) were displaced across 634 collective shelters nationwide, with Beirut and Mount Lebanon governorates continuing to host the largest number of people. The shelter situation has reached critical levels in several governorates. Collective shelters in Beirut and Mount Lebanon are reportedly at full capacity, forcing authorities to explore alternative solutions, including the establishment of tented accommodation. Similarly, shelters in Tyre and Saida districts in South Governorate are full, with an increasing number of displaced people sheltering in open spaces. Meanwhile, North Lebanon has emerged as the primary receiving area for newly displaced populations, and the Bekaa Governorate continues to absorb arrivals, with additional schools being opened and prepared to serve as collective shelters. Widespread infrastructure damage is further exacerbating humanitarian needs and access constraints. On 29 May, ‘Electricité du Liban’ – a state-owned electricity provider reported that hostilities damaged high-voltage power lines in Nabatieh Governorate and resulted in power outages affecting four districts (Marjaayoun, Hasbaya, Sheba and Arkoub), as well as supply to water pumping station. Humanitarian access remains highly constrained and unpredictable, particularly in areas experiencing active hostilities and newly issued displacement orders. Movement restrictions, insecurity, and damaged infrastructure continue to impede access to essential services, including healthcare, markets, and humanitarian assistance. Protection risks are increasing, particularly for women and girls, who are disproportionately affected by repeated displacement, overcrowded conditions, and limited access to services. Heightened risks include exposure to gender-based violence, exploitation, and barriers to accessing assistance and safe shelter. Attacks on health care services have continued during the reporting period, further straining an already overstretched health system. On 30 May, Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) reported that an airstrike on Maaroub in South Governorate killed four people including one paramedic and injured five, including one paramedic. On 1 June, MoPH reported two airstrikes in Tyre district in South Governorate resulted in significant damage to infrastructure of Hiram Hospital injuring 13 of their staff and Jabal Amel Hospital injuring at least 86 civilians including hospital staff. Between 29 and 31 May, WHO reported that five attacks on healthcare were, with a total of 190 attacks on health care recorded, resulting in 128 deaths and 332 injuries among healthcare personnel, since 2 March. To respond to the rapidly evolving crisis, an extended 2026 Lebanon Flash Appeal is scheduled to be launched on 5 June, in coordination with the Government of Lebanon, to mobilize additional resources and scale up urgent humanitarian assistance through 31 August. The extended Appeal reflects the rapid deterioration of the humanitarian situation and aims to address critical funding gaps amid increasing needs. Overall, the period was marked by a sharp escalation in hostilities, large-scale displacement, and mounting humanitarian pressures. Without an immediate improvement in security conditions and a substantial scale-up of resources, humanitarian needs are expected to continue rising in the coming days.