Nature Climate Change, Published online: 25 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41558-026-02671-4Climate change is driving loss of biodiversity worldwide, yet whether tropical or temperate species are more vulnerable to warming remains debated. Large-scale analyses of more than 5,100 plant and animal species show that climate change has caused more frequent local extinctions of temperate species than tropical species, overturning decades of previous studies.