Members of Shuar communities’ interactions with profoundly important places, deeply meaningful songs (anent), and spiritual ceremonies in a more-than-human world co-produce knowledge that comprises their scientific systems. We conducted an empirical community-led research project with members of Buena Esperanza that demonstrates the strength and real-world applicability of a new framework on Indigenous determinants of planetary health. We show how Shuar Nekamtairi (Shuar science) aligns with this thinking by examining the interrelations between human and more-than-human nature. Through participant interviews, we introduce a concept that illuminates knowledge co-production and acknowledges the intelligence of the more-than-human world as understood by Shuara Nekamtairi (Shuar science). We situate Shuar science within discussions of traditional ecological knowledge, presenting Anentaimsatin Nunka (in the Shuar Chicham linguistic family), which would be ‘Pensamiento de la Tierra’ in Spanish, translated into English as ‘Thinking Earth’, as a conceptual framework for this Indigenous science with implications for planetary health, biodiversity conservation, socio-ecological restoration, and climate action. Anentaimsatin Nunka emphasizes how Shuara Nekamtairi is an evolving practice in conversation with the living Earth. Indigenous sciences, including Shuara Nekamtairi, are critical to helping humanity address the world’s challenges today, especially those within Shuar territory and in the broader Amazonian rainforest basin. This article further substantiates the need for Indigenous-led resurgent land management practices and for decolonizing Global North environmental science by highlighting Shuar ways of being and knowing as critical climate solutions that care for the planet’s remaining biologically diverse spaces.