Abstract Extreme precipitation is becoming increasingly severe, with growing societal and environmental impacts. This study investigates how anthropogenic aerosol emissions have influenced extreme precipitation over Central Europe. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model, we compare two 20‐year simulations with aerosol concentrations representative of 1980 (polluted) and 2020 (clean) conditions. The results reveal a pronounced intensification of extreme precipitation under cleaner air. This intensification stems from shorter event durations coupled with unchanged precipitation amounts. Specifically, hourly precipitation amounts above the 99th, 99.9th and 99.97th percentiles increase by 2.5%, 6.4% and 7.9%, respectively. The most extreme events show the largest changes, with disproportionate increases in total amount, intensity, and frequency. With aerosol concentrations projected to further decline across many densely populated regions, the risks from severe and frequent extreme precipitation are likely to grow. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted adaptation strategies.