Abstract Large shield volcanoes are among the most prominent volcanic structures on terrestrial bodies. The Moon, while volcanically very active in the past and hosting various volcanic features, seems to lack such large shield volcanoes. Here, we report the identification of two lunar volcanic domes (Prinz‐Harbinger and Theophilus) with diameters around 80 km, significantly larger than previously confirmed lunar shield volcanoes (<30 km) and slightly larger than the largest shield volcanoes on Earth. The two domes have circular/elliptical outlines, gentle (<1°) and convex‐upward shapes, and summit pits, consistent with the characteristics of large shield volcanoes. One shield exhibits obvious positive Bouguer gravity anomalies, interpreted to represent subsurface (7–32 km deep) magmatic intrusion. These geological and geophysical characteristics are consistent with shield‐building eruptions fed by shallow magma reservoirs. Construction of shallow reservoirs is probably enhanced by special geological settings including regions of thin crust and large impact‐induced zones of weakness.