ObjectiveClimate change has emerged as a potential cardiovascular health risk factor. This study describes temporal and geographic patterns in temperature anomalies alongside global trends in hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive observational synthesis using temperature anomaly data from the National Centers for Environmental Information spanning 1850–2023 and global hypertension data from the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Temperature anomalies were analyzed at continental and global scales. Hypertension outcomes included prevalence, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), diagnosis rates, treatment rates, and control rates. Data were stratified by geographic region and sex to identify differential patterns.ResultsGlobal temperature anomalies increased dramatically from predominantly negative values before 1980 to consistently positive values thereafter, reaching 1.43 °C by 2023. Regional warming was greatest in Asia (peak 1.73 °C in 2015), Europe (1.67 °C in 2015; peak 1.89 °C in 2007), and North America (1.34 °C in 2015; peak 1.67 °C, recorded in 1999, 2010, and 2012). During the same period in which temperature anomalies intensified, global hypertension management improved substantially. Women consistently had more favorable hypertension indicators across all measures, with raised BP prevalence declining from 26.1% to 20.1% (1975–2015), compared to men’s decline from 29.5% to 24.1%. High-income regions, particularly Europe and North America, achieved significant improvements in hypertension outcomes. Conversely, many African countries showed concerning trends with rising hypertension prevalence coinciding with elevated temperatures and limited healthcare infrastructure.Discussion and conclusionThe observed population-level patterns linking climate change and hypertension are complex and appear strongly shaped by socioeconomic factors, healthcare infrastructure, and demographic characteristics. Despite intensifying temperature anomalies globally, observed population-level hypertension trends varied substantially across regions, with apparent improvements concentrated in higher-income settings with stronger healthcare infrastructure and persistent or rising prevalence in many lower-income settings. Whether, and to what extent, these contrasts reflect climate adaptation through healthcare and economic resources, rather than other concurrent drivers, cannot be determined from the descriptive design of the present study and warrants dedicated inferential investigation. Resource-constrained areas may face compounding risks from climate change and limited healthcare infrastructure. Sex-specific differences suggest that targeted interventions may be necessary to address differential vulnerabilities. Future climate-health adaptation strategies should prioritize healthcare infrastructure strengthening, particularly in vulnerable regions experiencing both significant warming and limited adaptive capacity.