Nature Climate Change, Published online: 02 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41558-026-02734-6The authors consider factual and counterfactual scenarios to isolate the role of climate change in the decline of suitable habitats for European bumblebees (1901–2019). They show reductions of 5% on average, and up to 19% locally, with high-altitude gains partially offsetting losses.