This study investigates long term spatial trends, interannual variability, and evolving teleconnections of total and extreme precipitation across Vietnam using the climate hazards group InfraRed precipitation with station data (CHIRPS) and 11 expert team on climate change detection and indices (ETCCDI) precipitation indices. The results reveal pronounced regional heterogeneity in precipitation extremes. Statistically significant increases in total annual precipitation (PRCPTOT), rainfall intensity (SDII), and heavy precipitation indices (Rx1day, Rx5day, R95p, R10mm, and R20mm) are concentrated primarily across Central Vietnam, indicating a marked intensification of extreme rainfall in this region. In contrast, northern and southern Vietnam exhibit weaker, spatially heterogeneous, or statistically insignificant trends. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) represents the important large-scale climate mode associated of interannual precipitation variability, while Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) exerts a weaker but regionally important modulation. Significant negative ENSO–precipitation correlations were widespread across central and southern Vietnam, highlighting a coherent relationship between ENSO variability and annual precipitation characteristics. Moving-window correlation analyses demonstrate that ENSO–precipitation teleconnections are non-stationary, strengthening and expanding across central and southern Vietnam after the late-1990s PDO phase transition. These findings demonstrate that Pacific teleconnections influencing Vietnam’s precipitation extremes are both ENSO-related and temporally evolving rather than stationary, providing new evidence for improving seasonal prediction, climate-risk assessment, and adaptation planning under a changing climate.