Research Papers
Peer-reviewed research papers and academic studies on climate change
Trade-off between water-saving and cooling objectives: restricting irrigation increases the number of hot days
Irrigating urban greenery can be an effective strategy to mitigate heat. However, as drought-heatwave combined events become more prevalent, cooling efforts may be compromised by water-saving strategies. This paper considers...
Hybrid Frictional Behavior of HydrothermallyâAltered Fault Zones in LongâLived Polyphase Geothermal Reservoirs
Abstract Geothermal reservoirs commonly record seismic and creep events, constituting earthquake hazards in enhanced geothermal systems. To understand the geological controls on mixedâmode frictional behaviors in these settings, we performed...
Seasonality of the South Pacific Meridional Mode: Role of Oceanic Meridional Advection Feedback Beyond Thermodynamics Dominance
Abstract The South Pacific Meridional Mode (SPMM), a dominant airâsea coupling mode in the subtropical southeastern Pacific, serves as a precursor to equatorial Pacific variability. Its seasonality, however, shows an...
Dampening of the Precipitation Response to Aerosol Pollution From Turbulence in Cumulus Clouds
Abstract Using aircraft observations and a cloud model with particleâbased microphysics, it is shown that the enhancement of drop collisionâcoalescence from turbulence in clouds not only leads to earlier onset...
Local Time Variability of Gravity Wave Activity Revealed by SABER Temperature Observations
Abstract The global characteristics of gravity wave potential energy variation depending on local time are analyzed using satellite observations covering a broad range of local times. A clear diurnal variation...
Intermittent Supershear Rupture Punctuated by BarrierâInduced Stopping Phase During the 2025 Mw 7.8 Myanmar Earthquake: Evidence From NearâFault Strong Motion Observation
Abstract Supershear rupture has been investigated by many studies, yet its exact characteristics during natural earthquakes are not fully clear, due to the paucity of nearâfield constraints. Here we analyze...
Geodetic Observations Reveal NearâZero Uplift Rates in the Transantarctic Mountains: Implications of Surface Mass Loading Deformation
Abstract The exposed bedrock of the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) provides rare opportunity to constrain presentâday Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) in East Antarctica, with impacts on Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment...
SeeâSaw Variability in Subduction Rates of the South Pacific Subtropical Mode Water and Its LongâTerm Change
Abstract Subduction of water masses is crucial for thermocline ventilation and climate variability. Using four ocean reanalysis products, we identify a significant interannual seeâsaw variability in subduction rates of the...
Permeability Evolution and Gouge Formation During Fracture Shearing
Abstract Hydroâmechanical processes are crucial in shearâcontrolled geoscientific applications such as enhanced geothermal systems and often result in stressâdependent permeability changes. The present study aims to investigate shearâinduced permeability evolution...
UNFCCC carbon trading could undermine global climate action
Nature Climate Change, Published online: 05 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41558-025-02517-5Recent United Nations policymaking on international emissions trading fails to reconcile longstanding flaws that could jeopardize the integrity of these programmes. We...
Temporary carbon dioxide removals to offset methane emissions
Nature Climate Change, Published online: 05 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s41558-025-02487-8Methane emissions have a large short-term impact on temperature, which can be potentially offset by nature-based solutions that provide temporary carbon storage....
Effects of EU policy and climate change on future delivery of nutrients to European freshwater and seas
In Europe, excessive nutrient pollution in freshwater and marine ecosystems poses a significant threat to human uses of water resources and disrupts aquatic ecosystems, compromising essential ecosystem services. The effectiveness...
Air quality impacts of electricity purchase and air travel by organizations
Organizational climate actions often prioritize greenhouse gas reductions without considering other impacts such as improved air quality from reduced fossil fuel use. While air quality benefits of large-scale policies are...
Weather disasters and their underreported transboundary impacts on Amazonian communities
In the Amazon, climate and land use change are expected to intensify risks from weather disasters, posing major challenges to people and ecosystems. Yet, how weather disasters already affect the...
Estimates of global surface water dynamics harnessing near real-time land cover observations and open science geospatial capabilities
Spatio-temporal changes to our worldâs surface water resources are escalating. Translating how these changes impact communities and ecosystems requires time-varying data of Global Surface Water Extents (GSWE). Traditionally, GSWE mapping...
A tropical cyclone-induced and satellite-detected chlorophyll a elevation accompanied by phytoplankton biomass decrease
Satellite observations have traditionally associated tropical cyclones (TCs) with phytoplankton blooms through elevated chlorophyll-a (Chla) concentrations, yet this relationship masks complex underlying ecological processes. Through a integration of satellite data...
Carbon sequestration potential from sustainable management of arable land in the EU
Carbon sequestration in arable soils is gaining increasing attention in global policymaking initiatives for climate-change mitigation. Large-scale assessments of soil organic carbon development in arable land are affected by the...
Can digital monitoring, reporting, and verification (dMRV) unlock industrial CO2 capture and removal in carbon markets?
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Urban and socioeconomic disparities in PM2.5 exposure across 340 Latin American cities
Background. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a leading global health risk. Latin American cities exhibit some of the worldâs highest urban PM2.5 levels, yet studies of neighborhood-level PM2.5 exposure and...
A scalable tool for farm-level carbon accounting: evidence from UK agriculture
Accurately quantifying greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the farm level is crucial for agricultural decarbonisation, yet doing so remains challengingâparticularly for smaller farming operations that lack resources for comprehensive data...
Quantifying US metropolitan level environmental burdens & benefits from greater localization of vegetable farming
Several US urban food action plans propose increasing local and regional vegetable production for the presumed environmental and nutritional benefits. However, such efforts, if applied nationwide, can propagate environmental benefits...
Economic development, air conditioning and adaptation to warming
Rising global temperatures increase the potential for heat-related adverse impacts, while economic growth, by enabling greater adoption of air conditioning, can help reduce them. This makes it unclear in which...
Welfare-based allocation of telecoupled biodiversity loss in global crop trade
Crop cultivation occupies substantial areas of land globally, contributing to biodiversity loss. In the context of globalization, the transnational flow of biodiversity loss footprints caused by international crop trade has...
Long-range transport of Siberian wildfire emissions reduces NO x in downwind regions
Wildfires are widely known to increase atmospheric pollutant concentrations, deteriorating air quality. However, several studies have reported that wildfires can also reduce the concentrations of certain gaseous species. This study...
Warm and wet anomalies persist across the pan-Arctic after carbon dioxide removal
The pan-Arctic region is experiencing rapid climate change under global warming, with Arctic amplification occurring at a rate 2â3 times faster than the global average. This study investigates Pan-Arctic climate...
On biodiversity-inclusive carbon crediting in agriculture: insights from crop residue burning
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Evolving regional transport of PM2.5 in BeijingâTianjinâHebei and its surrounding areas from 2013 to 2020
Chinaâs successful implementation of two phases of stringent clean air actions from 2013 to 2020 (Phase I: 2013â2017; Phase II: 2018â2020) has substantially reduced PM2.5 concentration in BeijingâTianjinâHebei and its...
Can we predict the extreme? Assessing the skill of seasonal forecasts in capturing the 2024 European heatwave
Eastern Europe experienced a pronounced warming trend in the summer of 2024, with average maximum temperature anomalies reaching 3.35 âC in June and 3.73 âC in July, and minimum temperature...
Circulation analogues cannot identify changes in rainfall extremes
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Can data-driven weather models accurately forecast atmospheric rivers?
The rapid rise of data-driven weather forecasting has prompted increasing interest in how such models perform relative to traditional numerical weather prediction systems. While recent studies have highlighted the formersâ...
Rheological Controls on Creeping Landslides Within the Franciscan MĂŠlange: Insights From Laboratory Experiments
Abstract Landslides and tectonic faults exhibit a spectrum of slip behavior, from steady frictional creep to catastrophic failure. However, the mechanisms controlling slow slip, and slip speed more generally, remains...
Local Sea Surface Temperatures Modulate the Occurrence of Heavy Rainfall Events in the GalĂĄpagos Archipelago
Abstract Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall events (HRE) globally. In the GalĂĄpagos Islands, HREs have caused severe impacts such as infrastructure loss...
SeaâSurface Temperature Patterns, Radiative Cooling, and Hydrological Sensitivity
Abstract Global climate models project an increase in globalâmean precipitation in response to increases in globalâmean surface temperature; that is, a positive âhydrological sensitivity.â However, there are hints in the...
Seismic Imaging of Upper Mantle Serpentinization and Ponded Melt at the Boundary of the Lithosphere and Asthenosphere in the Central Mariana Subduction Zone
Abstract The Mariana subduction zone, with its simple oceanic structure and waterârich environment, provides a natural laboratory for studying mantle hydration and the LithosphereâAsthenosphere Boundary (LAB). Here, we analyze Ocean...
Ionospheric DayâtoâDay Variability Driven by Nonlinear Interactions Between the Terdiurnal Tide and Planetary Waves Under Magnetospheric Modulation
Abstract Dayâtoâday variability is a persistent feature of the ionosphere, but distinguishing contributions from the atmosphere below or geospace above remains unclear. Here, simultaneous observations of thermospheric meridional winds and...
Climate Hazard Mortality: Diagnosing Trends and Outliers
Abstract Climate hazards like floods and heatwaves kill many people; their deadliness may shift with the frequency or intensity of extreme weather, population growth, or migration. Assessing preparedness and projections...
Welfare-based allocation of telecoupled biodiversity loss in global crop trade
Crop cultivation occupies substantial areas of land globally, contributing to biodiversity loss. In the context of globalization, the transnational flow of biodiversity loss footprints caused by international crop trade has...
Long-range transport of Siberian wildfire emissions reduces NO x in downwind regions
Wildfires are widely known to increase atmospheric pollutant concentrations, deteriorating air quality. However, several studies have reported that wildfires can also reduce the concentrations of certain gaseous species. This study...
Warm and wet anomalies persist across the pan-Arctic after carbon dioxide removal
The pan-Arctic region is experiencing rapid climate change under global warming, with Arctic amplification occurring at a rate 2â3 times faster than the global average. This study investigates Pan-Arctic climate...
Evolving regional transport of PM2.5 in BeijingâTianjinâHebei and its surrounding areas from 2013 to 2020
Chinaâs successful implementation of two phases of stringent clean air actions from 2013 to 2020 (Phase I: 2013â2017; Phase II: 2018â2020) has substantially reduced PM2.5 concentration in BeijingâTianjinâHebei and its...
On biodiversity-inclusive carbon crediting in agriculture: insights from crop residue burning
Read original article
Can we predict the extreme? Assessing the skill of seasonal forecasts in capturing the 2024 European heatwave
Eastern Europe experienced a pronounced warming trend in the summer of 2024, with average maximum temperature anomalies reaching 3.35 âC in June and 3.73 âC in July, and minimum temperature...
Circulation analogues cannot identify changes in rainfall extremes
Read original article
Can data-driven weather models accurately forecast atmospheric rivers?
The rapid rise of data-driven weather forecasting has prompted increasing interest in how such models perform relative to traditional numerical weather prediction systems. While recent studies have highlighted the formersâ...
Assessment of climate awareness, policy development, and action across Nigerian states
IntroductionAs climate governance increasingly adopts multilevel approaches, subnational actors play a central role in achieving national and global climate objectives. However, in Nigeria, as in many other developing countries, the...
Climate warming reduces soil gaseous nitrogen losses in a temperate forest
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. SignificanceClimate models project that under future warming scenarios, ecosystems will lose nitrogen (N) because of accelerated cycling...
GWAS for behavioral traits in golden retrievers identifies genes implicated in human temperament, mental health, and cognition
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. SignificanceDogs display temperamental and behavioral variation and possess tractable genetics, making them a compelling model for studying...
Genetic testing predicts appearance but not behavior in dogs
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 48, December 2025. SignificanceUsing data from Darwinâs Ark, a community science project with over 3,000 dogs with genetic and behavioral...