Research Papers
Peer-reviewed research papers and academic studies on climate change
Diagnosing Optimal Forcing of the Western North Pacific Anomalous Anticyclone in a Deep‐Learning Model
Abstract Deep‐learning weather prediction models have demonstrated skill in simulating large‐scale climate modes, but their physical interpretability remains a critical challenge. Here, we apply a 360‐member Green’s function‐like ensemble to...
Radiocarbon Evidence for the Springtime Injection of South Himalayas Biomass Burning Into the Urban Tibetan Plateau
Abstract Carbonaceous aerosols (CA) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) accelerate glacial melt, yet decoupling local emissions from transboundary transport remains challenging. We conducted a year‐long radiocarbon (14C) study in Lhasa,...
Influence of Secondary Brown Carbon Aerosol Lifetime on Radiative Properties
Abstract Brown carbon (BrC), a light‐absorbing organic aerosol, exhibits higher absorption coefficients at short wavelengths. Partial BrC can be formed via secondary process. In this study, we isolated the secondary...
Pan‐Regional Prolonged Droughts Linked to Consecutive La Niña Events
Abstract From 2020 to 2023, prolonged droughts affected Central‐West Asia, East Africa, and North America, causing widespread disruptions to regional hydroclimate and ecosystems. These droughts coincided with an unusually persistent...
Atmospheric Tides Imprint a Wavenumber‐4 Structure in Topside Ionospheric ELF Wave Intensity
Abstract Atmospheric tides produce a well known pronounced longitudinal wavenumber‐4 (WN‐4) structure in the ionosphere, but their influence on electromagnetic‐wave propagation through the ionosphere remains poorly constrained. Here we use...
Weather-driven epidemiology and forecasting of Myrothecium leaf spot in coffee seedlings: machine learning approach for predicting the disease
Myrothecium leaf spot, caused by Myrothecium roridum, is an emerging disease threat to coffee (Coffea arabica L. cv. Chandragiri) nurseries, resulting up to 30% seedling loss and occasionally affecting young...
The relationship between the urban heat island effect and allergic diseases in young children
BackgroundThe urban heat island (UHI) significantly affects the health of people living under its influence. Urban children are highly exposed to environmental exposures that can affect the occurrence of atopic...
Emergence of Subsurface Warming in the Southern Ocean Gateway Between New Zealand and Antarctica
Abstract We analyze temperature variability in the surface and intermediate layers of the Southern Ocean from 1994 to 2025 using a 30‐year summertime record of Expendable Bathythermograph (XBT) measurements collected...
Frequency‐Dependent Acoustic Reflection Coefficients of Flat Ground Assessed Using the Sonic Boom From the OSIRIS‐Rex Sample Return Capsule Recorded on Free Flying Balloons
Abstract Low frequency sound can travel great distances in planetary atmospheres. When these waves reflect off the air/ground interface, energy may be absorbed or transferred to mechanical waves in the...
Substantial Diel Changes of Cloud Adjustments to Aerosols in Ship‐Tracks
Abstract Clouds adjust their albedo, amount and liquid water path to anthropogenic aerosols, and produce a climate forcing. Such cloud adjustments are complex functions of both environmental conditions and interaction...
Large‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Over the Asian‐Pacific Sector During 10–11 May 2024 Geomagnetic Superstorm: Ionosonde Observation and MAGE Simulation
Abstract The large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) over the Asian‐Pacific sector during the 10–11 May 2024 superstorm are investigated using ionosonde observation and simulation from a whole geospace model—Multiscale Atmosphere...
Commentary: Reframing Massive Carbon Input During the PETM and a Grand 66 Million Year Geoscience Puzzle
Abstract Despite decades of research, hundreds of peer‐reviewed papers, and considerable relevance to Earth’s future, the rapid global warming and tremendous CO2 input at the start of the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal...
Asymmetric Ocean‐Atmosphere Coupling Between Southeast Pacific and Southern Ocean Cooling Through Circulation and Sea‐Ice Changes
Abstract Recent decades have seen persistent sea surface temperature (SST) cooling in the Southeast Pacific (SEP) and Southern Ocean (SO), contrasting with broad ocean warming expected under anthropogenic forcing. Using...
Low Abundances of Ultramafic Components in the Chang'e‐6 Landing Site Basalt and Ejecta Material
Abstract The South Pole‐Aitken (SPA) Basin, the Moon’s largest impact structure, holds key insights into lunar evolution, prompting the Chang’e‐6 mission to return first samples for ground‐truth verification. Analysis of...
Hyperspectral Fingerprinting of Dune Sediments Across the Arabian Peninsula: Insights Into Sediment Provenance and Transport Pathways From NASA's EMIT Data
Abstract The Arabian Peninsula encompasses one of the world’s most extensive aeolian systems, yet the provenance and transport history of its dune sediments are not well understood. Using hyperspectral data...
Observing the Earth's Plasmasphere and Ionosphere From the Lunar Surface
Abstract We present the analysis of the first lunar‐based observational characterization of the Earth’s plasmasphere and ionosphere using Global Navigation Satellite Systems signals tracked from the lunar surface by the...
Machine Learning Eliminates Reanalysis Warm Bias and Reveals Weaker Winter Surface Cooling Over Arctic Sea Ice
Abstract The surface energy budget governs Arctic sea‐ice growth/melt, yet observations are sparse, and reanalysis data sets suffer from systematic biases. Here, we train a neural network with observational data...
Comprehensive national climate damage assessments framework applied to the UK
Nature Climate Change, Published online: 19 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41558-026-02665-2The economic impact of climate change has been widely acknowledged, yet current assessments remain fragmented and uncertain. Researchers develop a comprehensive channel-specific...
Climate change drives ecological novelty and new social challenges
Nature Climate Change, Published online: 19 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41558-026-02672-3Ecosystems are changing rapidly because of climate change, and this will have increasing social effects around the globe. We suggest that common...
Toward Using Equation Discovery to Generate Parameterizations of Biogeochemical Processes
Abstract Equation discovery methods, such as symbolic regression, show great promise to generate parameterizations of biogeochemical processes in an objective data‐driven manner, yet remain untested in ocean biogeochemistry. Here, we...
Reversal of the ITCZ Shift During the Satellite Era
Abstract A southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during the latter half of the 20th century has been primarily attributed to interhemispheric differences in anthropogenic aerosol forcing. However,...
Mercury's Eccentric Orbit as a Driver of Significant 'Seasonal' Change in Upstream Solar Wind Forcing
Abstract Mercury experiences the most intense and variable solar wind (SW) conditions in the solar system due to its close, eccentric orbit about the Sun. In addition to variation driven...
Structural Response of Laser‐Driven Shock Compressed Albite
Abstract Plagioclase records characteristic shock features that constrain meteorite impact conditions, but its phase evolution along the Hugoniot remains unresolved. We investigated shock‐induced phase transition in albite using in situ...
Climate oversight in the world's largest investment portfolios
This Perspective examines climate oversight in the world’s largest pension and sovereign wealth funds. These institutions collectively manage tens of trillions of dollars, yet they remain structurally under-allocated to climate-aligned...
Climate change as a macro-financial risk multiplier: evidence from private sector credit in fragile sub-Saharan Africa
IntroductionClimate change poses significant risks to economic resilience, particularly in fragile Sub-Saharan African economies where financial systems are shallow and livelihoods are climate-sensitive. This study examines how extreme heat exposure,...
A Spreading‐Rate Dependence for Periodic Signals Embedded in Otherwise Aperiodic Abyssal Hills
Abstract I present evidence, through an empirical pre‐whitening analysis, that periodic signals are embedded in otherwise aperiodic abyssal hills across paleo‐spreading rates ranging from 1 to 9 cm/yr (half rate)....
Debris Flows Suppressed Riverine Productivity and Respiration Following High‐Severity Wildfire on the Klamath River, California
Abstract Wildfires alter terrestrial material and energy inputs to rivers, but impacts to ecosystem metabolism and dissolved oxygen (DO) are not well known due to few river ecosystem response studies...
Surface Anthropogenic NOx Emissions Drive 1995–2014 Increase in Tropospheric Ozone: Implications for Ozone and Methane Radiative Forcing
Abstract Tropospheric ozone influences Earth’s radiative energy budget and has increased in recent decades. With initial‐condition ensembles from a single chemistry‐climate model, we show that global surface anthropogenic NOx emissions...
Contribution of Tropical Cyclones to Hourly Precipitation Extremes in the Contiguous United States
Abstract Tropical cyclones (TCs) are major drivers of contiguous United States (CONUS) flooding, yet their contribution to hourly precipitation extremes remains poorly quantified. Here we link observations from 420 gauges...
Land Models Likely Underestimate the Impact of Future Atmospheric Dryness on European Tree Growth
Abstract Understanding how the land carbon sink will be altered by climate change is critical for projecting future atmospheric CO2 concentrations under different emission pathways in Earth System Models (ESMs)....
Seismic Evidence for Slab Tearing Beneath the Indo‐Myanmar Subduction Zone
Abstract Slab tearing has been increasingly recognized as a key geodynamic process influencing the evolution of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. However, whether, where and how the subducted Indian slab beneath...
Drying Effect of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones
Abstract The high precipitation efficiency of tropical cyclones (TCs) is theorized to dehydrate the atmosphere, a process with important climate implications that has yet to be confirmed by direct observational...
A pericyte chloride clamp mechanism governs capillary control of cerebral blood flow
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 24, June 2026. SignificanceXiang et al. demonstrate that thin-strand pericytes found in the deepest parts of the capillary bed of...
Temperate local extinctions from climate change are outpacing tropical extinctions
Nature Climate Change, Published online: 18 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41558-026-02669-yThe authors analyse global-scale resurvey data for 5,151 species to reveal the sensitivity of tropical versus temperate species to climate change. They...
Structural modeling reveals the mechanism of motor ATPase coordination during type IV pilus retraction
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 24, June 2026. SignificanceDiverse bacterial species use filamentous surface appendages called type IV pili (T4P) to move along surfaces, take...
Dissecting hydrogen bond energetics to answer the age-old question: 'How much do hydrogen bonds contribute to enzymatic catalysis?'
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 24, June 2026. SignificanceEnzymes enable the fast and specific reactions needed to sustain life, and enzyme engineering holds great promise...
Circular and athermal atmospheric CO2 capture by food waste-derived amyloid sorbents
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 24, June 2026. SignificanceCurrent amine-based direct air capture technologies often exhibit low CO2capacity under ambient air, require energy-intensive thermal regeneration,...
A census of anti-CRISPR proteins reveals AcrIE9 and AcrIE13 as inhibitors of the Escherichia coli K12 type IE CRISPR-Cas system
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 24, June 2026. SignificanceA census of Acrs withinEnterobacteriaceaereveals that the most widespread anti-CRISPR cluster in this order consists ofacrIE9,acrIE10, andacrIE13protein,...
mRNA delivery of a class 1/4 SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody protects against diverse sarbecoviruses in a lethal mouse challenge model
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 24, June 2026. SignificancePan-sarbecovirus broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are urgently needed to combat SARS-CoV-2 variants, mitigate future zoonotic spillover, and...
Functional asymmetry and essential structural roles of PDE6α and PDE6β subunits in rod–photoreceptor integrity
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 24, June 2026. Significancephosphodiesterase-6 (PDE6) is a rod-specific enzyme critical for phototransduction, comprised of a dimeric αβ catalytic core and...
Arabidopsis YEATS domain proteins facilitate DNA double-strand break repair via homology-directed pathways
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 24, June 2026. SignificanceDetecting and repairing damaged DNA is critical for maintaining cellular function. These processes occur within chromatin, yet...
An aquaglyceroporin governs cellular water and CO2 conductance relevant for vesicular mineral formation in a marine calcifier
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 24, June 2026. SignificanceMany marine calcifiers initiate skeleton formation by producing a mineral precursor inside cells via endocytotic uptake of...
New climate regime restructures the ecology of Canada's Northern Great Lakes
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 24, June 2026. SignificanceThe effects of anthropogenic climate change on large, deep Arctic lakes have been historically buffered by their...
Enhanced global storm surges by tropical cyclone poleward migration
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 24, June 2026. SignificanceTropical cyclone–induced storm surges are among the most destructive coastal hazards in the world, yet their long-term...
Quantum algorithms for viscosity solutions to nonlinear Hamilton–Jacobi equations based on an entropy penalization method
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 24, June 2026. SignificanceWe developed quantum algorithms for nonlinear Hamilton–Jacobi equations that obviated several major obstacles for nonlinear partial differential...
Driven by climate change, sudden swings between wet and dry create 'hydrologic whiplash'
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 24, June 2026.
First Lidar Observations of Ionosphere‐Thermosphere‐Mesosphere (ITM) Na Transition Layer (∼120–95 km): Regular Occurrence Over Boulder (40.13°N, 105.24°W) and Possible Formation Mechanisms
Abstract Using lidar observations of 12 monthly composites of normalized Na density ratios, we have discovered an Ionosphere‐Thermosphere‐Mesosphere (ITM) Na transition layer from ∼120 to ∼95 km over Boulder, Colorado....
Globally constrained forest biophysical cooling benefits under rising atmospheric dryness
Nature Climate Change, Published online: 17 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41558-026-02677-yThe biophysical effects of forests on climate are important for mitigation, but the impacts of climate change on these effects are unclear....