Research Papers
Peer-reviewed research papers and academic studies on climate change
Seasonal Dependent Relationship of Tropical Cyclone Decadal Variation Between Western North Pacific and North Atlantic
Abstract Tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the western North Pacific (WNP) and North Atlantic (NA) shows pronounced decadal variability linked to the AMO and PDO. We reveal a strong seasonal...
Subducting Slab Thermo‐Petrologic Structure and Intermediate‐Depth Supra‐Slab Earthquakes Beneath Southern Colombia
Abstract We develop 2‐D thermo‐petrologic models for two transects through southern Colombia and compare the model‐predicted temperature distributions and depths of slab dehydration with seismological observations. Along the northern transect,...
High‐Pressure Elasticity of CAS Phase and Its Implications for the Fate of Subducted Anorthosite Crust
Abstract The CAS phase (CaAl4Si2O11) is a key phase formed in subducted silica‐alumina rich crustal and sedimentary materials under the mantle transition zone conditions. In this study, its elastic properties...
Tracking the Trajectory of Alluvial Channel Adjustment Reveals Along‐River Shifts in Sediment Mobility
Abstract Alluvial rivers adjust their geometry to convey water and sediment downstream. While multi‐river compilations reveal robust downstream scaling relationships, how these patterns manifest along a single river remains poorly...
Evaluation of two versions of the IPSL-EPOC decadal prediction systems
This study compares two generations of the IPSL-EPOC decadal climate prediction system based on the IPSL-CM6A-LR Earth System Model, focusing on differences in ocean data assimilation. The first configuration (DCP1),...
Large Drifter Experiment in the Western Mediterranean Sea Reveals Dynamical Versus Noise Contributions in SWOT‐KaRIn Sea Level
Abstract The wide‐swath altimeter Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) provides unprecedented two‐dimensional sea‐level observations, whose ability to capture upper‐ocean dynamics requires assessment. The dynamically balanced signal and noise contributions...
Northern Hemisphere Wintertime Stratospheric Circulation Response to Smoke Injection From a Regional Nuclear Conflict
Abstract Tropical stratospheric aerosol injections are known to strengthen the wintertime Stratospheric Polar Vortex (SPV). Here, we revisit the circulation response to aerosol perturbations during the first month following injection...
Influence of Surface Conditions on the 04 July 2025 Extreme Storms in Central Texas
Abstract The impactful 04 July 2025 Central Texas extreme rainfall event is examined to understand how surface conditions influence storm development. Utilizing convection‐permitting model simulations, we evaluate the sensitivity of...
Feasibility Mapping of L‐Band InSAR for SWE Retrievals Across the Western United States
Abstract Mountain snowpacks provide vital water resources for communities in the western U.S. (WUS), but high spatial variability challenges accurate measurement of snow water equivalent (SWE) from remote sensing platforms....
River‐Floodplain Exchange Influences Basin‐Scale Mixing During Large Fluvial Flood Events
Abstract River‐floodplain exchange occurs when high flows inundate the floodplain and exchange water bi‐directionally between substrates and communities. While well‐understood locally, the full spatial heterogeneity of exchange event duration (the...
Politics embodied: How politics shapes and is shaped by the bodily experience of emotions
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 20, May 2026. SignificanceEmotions are central to politics, and the body is central to emotional experience, yet we know little...
Predicting Head Loss and Hydraulic Roughness of Channel‐Spanning Large Wood Jams
Abstract Log jams enhance hydraulic and geomorphic diversity in river corridors. Channel‐spanning log jams induce backwatering, increase local flow heterogeneity, promote sediment deposition, and improve aquatic habitat diversity. Despite their...
Hidden Fine‐Scale Transport Pathways and Biological Connectivity Revealed by SWOT
Abstract Oceanic currents redistribute nutrients, phytoplankton, and other biogenic materials, fundamentally shaping marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Yet, the topology of fine‐scale material transport remains poorly resolved due to limitations...
Long‐Lived Sub‐Micron Desert Dusts are Important Ice‐Nucleating Particles in the Polar Regions
Abstract Ice‐nucleating particles (INPs) modify the distribution and radiative properties of mixed‐phase clouds, making them a key component of the climate system. However, we have a very limited understanding of...
Mineralogical Evidence for Highly Evolved Th‐Saturated Magma on Mars
Abstract Thorium‐rich (Th‐rich) geological units have been detected by remote sensing in the Martian crust. However, there is still a lack of mineralogical evidence to constrain the magmatic processes responsible...
Internal Wave Characteristics in the Andaman Sea: New Insights From SWOT Observations
Abstract High‐resolution, repeat‐pass Sea Surface Height Anomaly (SSHA) observations from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite are used to investigate Internal Solitary Waves (ISW) in the Andaman Sea...
Cloud Thermodynamic Phase Retrievals From Simultaneous Shortwave Infrared Multi‐Angle Polarization Measurements
Abstract Accurate identification of cloud thermodynamic phases ‐warm water, supercooled water and ice—is essential for the global energy budget and hydrological cycle, and serves as a crucial prerequisite for retrieving...
Refining the mechanism of heme acquisition from free hemoglobin by Staphylococcus aureus IsdH
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 20, May 2026. SignificanceBacterial pathogens must acquire essential nutrients from the human host to survive and cause infection. One of...
Snow Depth on Arctic Sea Ice Retrieval Using a Synergy of Sentinel‐3's Active and Passive Microwave Instruments
Abstract Snow depth remains one of the largest sources of uncertainty in satellite‐derived sea ice thickness (SIT). Here, we introduce the novel Nadir Radiometer and Radar Synergy (NaRRS) method that...
Ion Cyclotron Waves Associated With Ionospheric Outflow at Jupiter
Abstract The mechanism driving ion outflow from Jupiter’s auroras remains to be determined. H+ ${mathrm{H} }^{+}$ outflow has been observed with highly field‐aligned pitch angles consistent with acceleration by high‐altitude...
The Role of Planetary Rotation in Polar Cusp Localization
Abstract Juno observations have revealed that Jupiter’s polar cusps are displaced toward dusk and even the nightside, contradicting the Earth‐derived paradigm that is confined to narrower ranges near noon. These...
Anomalous Counterclockwise Turning of the Boundary‐Layer Winds Revealed by Observations From the 356‐m Shenzhen Meteorological Tower
Abstract Boundary‐layer winds strongly impact heavy rainfall through low‐level convergence, moisture transport, and vertical wind shear. Using high‐resolution observations from the 356‐m Shenzhen Meteorological Tower, together with ERA5 reanalysis and...
Poromechanical and Crack Evolution of Olivine‐Rich Rock During Serpentinization
Abstract Serpentinization alters the strength, fracture behavior, and rheology of ultramafic rocks, yet the coupled evolution of mineral reactions, cracking, and mechanical softening remains poorly constrained. We experimentally simulated serpentinization...
A First Attempt at Reconstructing FengYun‐4B Stratified Precipitable Water Using GNSS
Abstract Layer Precipitable Water (LPW) characterizes the vertical structure of atmospheric moisture and is essential for accurate weather forecasts. China’s FY‐4B satellite delivers near‐real‐time LPW products, but is constrained by...
The Role of Link Length Hierarchy on Dynamic Connectivity in River Networks Across Climatic Regimes
Abstract Connectivity within river networks governs the transport and aggregation of fluxes such as water, sediment, and nutrients. Here we focus on dynamic connectivity (DC) $(DC)$, defined by the time‐evolving...
Unifying the Scaling of Urban Heat Island With Surface Heat Flux Under Calm Conditions
Abstract How the urban heat island effect (UHI) responds to surface heat flux is a central question in urban climate research. Previous studies have reported two distinct scaling relations: nighttime...
On the Peculiar Properties of Extremely Low Frequency Lightning Generated Whistlers Detected at Low Earth Orbit Altitudes Close to the Magnetic Equator
Abstract Lightning strikes generate broadband electromagnetic signals. At Extremely Low Frequencies (ELF), these signals partly leak into the ionosphere and produce so‐called Lightning Generated (LG) whistlers that the Absolute Scalar...
Sperm, egg, and embryo proteins critical for genetic adaptation of herring to low salinity in the Baltic Sea
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 20, May 2026. SignificanceIn species with external fertilization, sperm, eggs, and embryos are directly exposed to the environment and must...
Emergent anisotropic three-phase order in critically doped superconducting diamond films
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 20, May 2026. SignificanceIn heavily boron doped diamond (HBDD), doping induced disorder can lead to inhomogeneity in the superconducting order...
Chaperone-mediated autophagy protects against retinal photoreceptor degeneration by modulating proteostasis of glucose metabolism enzymes
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 20, May 2026. SignificanceMaintenance of retinal proteostasis is essential for normal function, and its failure underlies common age-related degenerative retinal...
A multinational megastudy of the effects of gratitude practices on subjective well-being
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 20, May 2026. SignificanceIn a large-scale collaboration, we tested the effects of six brief gratitude interventions among 10,696 participants from...
Statistical-dynamical downscaling of EURO-CORDEX projections to 50 m resolution: characteristic days for Baden-Württemberg under climate change
Local policymakers require spatially detailed climate projections to plan heat adaptation strategies, yet regional climate models (RCMs) at 5–12 km resolution cannot resolve the microclimatic heterogeneity that governs urban heat...
Impact on oysters in first-of-its-kind field trial of marine Enhanced Rock Weathering (mERW) with olivine as carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy
IntroductionCarbon dioxide removal (CDR) is a necessary component of limiting global warming to 2 °C by 2,100. Marine enhanced rock weathering (mERW) with minerals like olivine is a CDR strategy...
Global, regional, and national trends in disease burden attributable to high temperature exposure in adults aged 65 years and older from 1990 to 2021
BackgroundClimate change significantly impacts health, particularly for individuals aged 65 and older, increasing heat-related illnesses and mortality. Understanding this burden is vital for public health planning.MethodsThis study analyzes data from...
Assessing the historical and projected precipitation extremes using the NEX-GDDP CMIP6 models under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios across the Southern Great Plains, United States
IntroductionUnderstanding precipitation extremes is critical for effective water resource planning and agricultural management.MethodsThis study assessed historical and future precipitation extremes in the Southern Great Plains (SGP) of the United States....
Early evidence for a stable and flexible foraging niche in the evolution of Homo
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 20, May 2026. SignificanceThe Koobi Fora Formation preserves a rich Plio-Pleistocene record of hominins, fauna, and environments, providing a cornerstone...
Choice of cardioplegia influences metabolomics of human cardiac tissue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 20, May 2026. SignificanceAbnormal cardiac metabolism contributes to the pathophysiology of heart failure, and metabolomics analysis has provided novel insights....
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the biosynthesis of nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 monomers
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 20, May 2026. SignificanceThe global transition toward sustainable materials requires renewable production routes for key nylon monomers—hexamethylenediamine (HMD), adipic acid,...
Disparate social structures are underpinned by distinct social rules across a primate radiation
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 20, May 2026. SignificanceWhat forces explain variation in primate societies? While kinship and dominance shape the social lives of many...
Tracing the origins and recurrence of the South Atlantic Anomaly: A 2000-year absolute paleointensity record from central South America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 20, May 2026. SignificanceThe geomagnetic field, generated by fluid motion in the outer core, protects the planet from harmful cosmic...
Soil temperature fluctuations modulated millet agriculture evolution in Neolithic East Asia
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 20, May 2026. SignificanceAgriculture was the critical intermediary through which climate change influenced the trajectory of ancient civilizations, yet the...
Cross‐Seasonal Impacts of the Atlantic Niño on Arctic Winter Surface Air Temperature
Abstract The Arctic has warmed at more than twice the global mean rate, with winter anomalies over the Barents‐Kara Seas (BKS) linked to remote tropical forcing. While El Niño Southern...
Cross‐Seasonal Impacts of the Atlantic Niño on Arctic Winter Surface Air Temperature
Abstract The Arctic has warmed at more than twice the global mean rate, with winter anomalies over the Barents‐Kara Seas (BKS) linked to remote tropical forcing. While El Niño Southern...
On the Role of Dynamical Uncertainties in the Spread of Arctic Ozone Recovery Projections
Abstract Arctic ozone is projected to recover over the 21st century in compliance with the Montreal Protocol. Chemistry‐climate models show a large spread in recovery rates and future changes in...
On the Role of Dynamical Uncertainties in the Spread of Arctic Ozone Recovery Projections
Abstract Arctic ozone is projected to recover over the 21st century in compliance with the Montreal Protocol. Chemistry‐climate models show a large spread in recovery rates and future changes in...
Prediction of Hydroclimatic Anomalies Using a New Isotope Precipitation Index
Abstract Global warming is driving changes in atmospheric moisture seasonality and an increase in the frequency of prolonged precipitation anomalies. These anomalies are often assumed to be characterized by moisture...
Identifying the Environmental Drivers of Spatial Variability in Zooplankton Community Grazing Dynamics
Abstract Biogeochemical models used to estimate carbon export fluxes are highly sensitive to their parameterization of zooplankton grazing dynamics. Zooplankton grazing dynamics have been shown to vary spatially, however it...
The Antarctic Treaty System needs a disaster management authority to guard the continent against disasters
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 20, May 2026.